Japan has many different kinds of identity cards that are essential for both citizens and residents. Foreigners living in Japan will need to obtain specific forms of identification to do things like opening a bank account, signing contracts, and accessing government services. We’re going to help you understand the different types of Japanese identity cards, their purposes, and their application processes, which will help you enjoy your stay in the country.
Types of Identity Cards in Japan
Before diving into the specifics, it’s helpful to understand the role each card plays in Japanese society. While some cards are legally required, others are optional but highly beneficial.
Residence Card (Zairyū Card / 在留カード)
The Residence Card is the primary identification card for non-Japanese residents who stay in Japan for more than three months. It serves as proof of residency and is required for various legal and administrative processes.
Issuance and Purpose: The card is issued by the Immigration Services Agency of Japan, and is proof of a foreign resident’s legal status in the country. Without this card, engaging in employment, renting accomodation, and obtaining essential services will be difficult.
Information Held: The card includes personal details such as the holder’s name, date of birth, nationality, registered address, visa type, and the permitted period of stay. It also has an IC chip for digital authentication.
Legal Requirement: According to Japanese law, residents must carry this card at all times and present it upon request by law enforcement or immigration officers.
Updates and Changes: If a foreign resident moves to a new address or renews their visa, they must update the information on their Residence Card at the municipal office or immigration bureau within the designated period.
My Number Card (マイナンバーカード, Mai Nambā Kādo)
The My Number Card is a government-issued identification card that includes a unique 12-digit number assigned to every resident, including foreigners with a valid visa.
Purpose and Functionality:
The card simplifies tasks like filing taxes, opening bank accounts, and obtaining official documents at convenience stores.
Security Measures:
Because it links to sensitive data, strict laws govern its usage. Unauthorized sharing of your My Number is prohibited.
Application Process:
You’ll receive a paper notification with your unique My Number designation after registering your address in Japan. To get your plastic My Number Card, submit an application form—either by mail or online—and then visit the municipal office in person for identity verification.
Japanese Driver’s License (Unten Menkyoshō/運転免許証)
A Japanese driver’s license serves as both a driving permit and an official form of identification.
Value as ID: Banks, government offices, and private businesses commonly accept driver’s licenses as proof of identity and address.
Obtaining a License:
- Depending on your home country, you may convert your existing license directly or take a written and practical test.
Validity and Renewal:
- Licenses must be renewed periodically, with a short safety lecture required during each renewal.
Application Procedures for Each Identity Card
Understanding how to apply for these IDs will help you navigate Japanese bureaucracy more easily and effectively. Here’s a brief overview of each process.
Applying for a Residence Card
Receive at Immigration:
- When entering Japan, long-term visa holders receive a Residence Card at designated airports such as Narita, Haneda, and Kansai International Airport. For those arriving at smaller airports, the card will be issued later at the municipal office.
Register Address:
- Within 14 days of moving into a residence, foreign residents must visit the local municipal office to register their address. This registration is necessary to access and contribute to services such as healthcare and pensions.
Keep Updated:
- Any changes in address, employment, or visa status must be reported to the municipal office or the immigration bureau within the specified timeframe to keep records accurate and up to date.
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This topic will guide you on obtaining a residence card.
Applying for a My Number Card
Receive Notification:
- When moving to Japan, residents are issued a paper notification containing their My Number and an application form for the My Number Card.
Submit Application:
- Residents can apply for the card by filling out the form and submitting it either by mail or online. A passport-sized photo and other identification documents are required.
Pick Up the Card:
- Once the application is approved, applicants receive a notification to collect the card from the local municipal office. Personal verification is necessary upon collection.
Applying for a Japanese Driver’s License
Convert Foreign License (if eligible):
- If your license is from an eligible country, you can submit the necessary documents and take a vision test at your nearest licensing center.
Take a Written and Practical Exam:
- If conversion is not possible, applicants must pass a written test and a driving test at the local licensing center.
Take a Written and Practical Exam:
- Receive License: Upon passing the necessary exams, a Japanese driver’s license is issued, valid for a specified period before renewal is required, usually three years after issuance.
Importance of Identity Cards in Japan
Japanese identity cards play a vital role in everyday life, and are necessary for access to essential services and legal procedures.
Legal Requirement: Some ID cards, such as the Residence Card, are legally required to be carried at all times. In the event that you are asked for your card by a police officer, and you do not have it, you may be subject to a fine.
Access to Public Services: Many administrative and financial services require identification, including healthcare, tax filings, and housing arrangements.
Employment and Banking: Employers require identity verification for tax and insurance purposes, and banks require official identification for opening accounts and other transactions.
Recent Updates in National Health Insurance Card
National Health Insurance Card (保険証) shifted its function to My Number Card. Since the end of 2024, Japanese government stopped producing National Health Insurance Card in order to establish civic multi-operational card useful and efficient for national identity. Current citizens carrying National Health Insurance Card are allowed to use them maximum 1 year after its expired date, while waiting to shift over to My Number Card (depending on the occasion of insurance). Until the end of 2025, people can use them as a representation of identity, yet it is better to make or update the card to avoid any inconveniences.
Final Thoughts
Understanding Japan’s identity card system is essential for foreigners living here. From the Residence Card to the My Number Card, each document has specific uses and legal importance. Ensuring that identity cards are obtained, updated, and carried as required by law will help in navigating life in Japan smoothly. Having the right documentation ensures access to critical services, simplifies administrative procedures, and provides peace of mind while residing in Japan.