Japan remains one of the most sought-after destinations for expatriates, drawing millions of visitors annually with its rich history, safety, and unique modern culture. While visiting is simple for many nationalities, establishing long-term residency is possible, but requires navigating a complex bureaucratic landscape.
Moving to Japan is not a singular process; it is a collection of distinct pathways, each with its own set of requirements, costs, and benefits. Understanding the specific visa categories is the first step toward a successful relocation, whether you intend to pursue higher education, master the language, or enter the workforce. This guide details the primary methods for moving to Japan, including educational routes, teaching opportunities, and specialized visa statuses.
Path 1: Studying at Japanese Universities
Enrolling in a Japanese university is a direct route to residency for those seeking higher education. Japan is home to world-class institutions, and the government has actively sought to increase international student enrollment through the “Top Global University Project.”
Under the student visa status, individuals can reside in Japan for the duration of their academic program – typically four years for an undergraduate degree. This pathway provides a structured environment for acclimatizing to life in Japan, offering networking opportunities and access to the local job market upon graduation.
It is worth mentioning that some universities in Japan offer transfer credits, so there is an opportunity to study in Japan even if you have already started your program. A member of our team was able to study in Japan through this path, you can check out his journey at Tokyo International University.
FAQ: Japanese Universities
Do Japanese universities require SAT scores?
Requirements vary significantly by institution and the specific program. For traditional programs taught in Japanese, the Examination for Japanese University Admission for International Students (EJU) is the standard requirement rather than the SAT. However, for English-taught degree programs, many universities accept or require standardized test scores such as the SAT, ACT, or IB Diploma to assess academic readiness.
Do Japanese universities teach in English?
Yes. While the majority of coursework in Japan is conducted in Japanese, there has been a significant increase in English-medium undergraduate and graduate programs. Major universities, including the University of Tokyo, Waseda University, and Sophia University, offer full degree programs taught entirely in English, often referred to as “Global” or “International” tracks.
How much does a Japanese university cost?
Tuition in Japan is generally lower than in the United States or the United Kingdom.
- National Universities: Annual tuition is standardized at approximately 535,800 JPY (plus admission fees), totaling around 820,000 JPY for the first year.
- Public Universities: Slightly higher, averaging around 930,000 JPY for the first year.
- Private Universities: These vary widely but typically range from 1,100,000 JPY to 1,600,000 JPY per year for non-medical programs.
Path 2: Enrolling in Language Schools
For those who are not yet fluent in Japanese or are not ready for a full university degree, a Japanese Language School (Nihongo Gakko) is a popular entry point. These institutions focus exclusively on language acquisition and cultural adaptation.
Students on this path typically study for six months to two years. The primary goal for many is to reach a proficiency level (usually JLPT N2 or N1) that allows them to enter a Japanese university, vocational college, or the workforce.
This was my path for moving to Japan. The best advice I can give if you are considering this route is to make sure you choose a good school. This choice will affect how fast you learn to speak Japanese and your chances of finding work afterwards, assuming that is what you want after language school.
FAQ: Language Schools
How much do Japanese language schools cost?
Costs depend on the school’s location and reputation. Generally, yearly tuition ranges from 700,000 JPY to 1,000,000 JPY. Students should also budget for textbooks, enrollment fees, and living expenses, which are not included in tuition figures.
Can I get a work visa after Japanese language school?
Yes, but attending language school alone does not qualify you for a work visa. To switch from a Student visa to a Work visa, you must secure a job offer from a Japanese company. Crucially, immigration requires that you hold a bachelor’s degree (from any country) or have significant relevant work experience. If you do not have a degree, you generally must proceed to a Japanese university or vocational college after language school to gain the necessary qualifications for employment.
Path 3: Teaching English in Japan
Teaching English is perhaps the most common method for native English speakers to move to Japan. The demand for English instruction remains high, creating a steady stream of opportunities for foreign residents.
There are three primary avenues for teaching English:
- JET Programme: The Japan Exchange and Teaching (JET) Programme is a government-sponsored initiative that places Assistant Language Teachers (ALTs) in public schools across Japan. It is highly competitive but offers excellent support and benefits.
- ALT Dispatch Companies: Private companies (such as Interac or Borderlink) hire teachers to work in public schools as Assistant Language Teachers. The pay is generally lower than JET, but hiring occurs year-round.
- Eikaiwa (Conversation Schools): Private language institutes (like AEON or ECC) offer evening and weekend classes to students of all ages. Teachers usually work shifts rather than standard school hours.
Read More
FAQ: Teaching English
Do you need a degree to teach English in Japan?
Yes. To obtain the “Instructor” or “Specialist in Humanities” visa required for teaching, Japanese immigration law mandates a bachelor’s degree in any subject. Alternatively, individuals without a degree may qualify if they have three or more years of documented, full-time teaching experience in ESL, though this route is less common and more scrutinized.
How much does an English teacher make in Japan?
Salaries are relatively standardized across the industry.
- JET Programme: The starting annual remuneration is 3.36 million JPY (approx. 280,000 JPY per month).
- Eikaiwa and Dispatch ALTs: Monthly salaries typically range between 200,000 JPY and 270,000 JPY. While sufficient for daily life, these salaries are often considered entry-level.
Other Pathways to Residency
If education or teaching does not align with your goals, several other visa categories permit residence in Japan.
Standard Work Visa
Professionals with skills in IT, engineering, finance, or marketing can apply for a standard work visa (e.g., “Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services“). This requires a bachelor’s degree (or 10 years of experience) and a confirmed job offer from a company in Japan willing to act as a sponsor.
Requirements Summary
- Education or Experience: You must hold a university degree (bachelor’s or higher) relevant to the job OR document at least 10 years of professional experience in the field.
- Sponsorship: A signed employment contract with a company based in Japan.
- Salary: Compensation must be equal to or greater than what a Japanese national would receive for the same role.
- Clean Record: No criminal history or previous immigration violations in Japan.
Working Holiday Visa
This designated visa allows young people (typically aged 18–30) from participating countries – including Australia, Canada, the UK, and France – to live and work part-time in Japan for one year (varies by country). The primary purpose is cultural exchange and travel, with work serving as a means to supplement funds. The US does not currently participate in this program.
Requirements Summary
- Age: Generally between 18 and 30 at the time of application
- Nationality: Must hold a valid passport from a partner country/region (e.g., Australia, Canada, UK, France, Korea, etc.).
- Financial Proof: Evidence of sufficient funds to support yourself initially (typically ranges from $2,500 to $4,000 USD depending on the country).
- Travel Ticket: A return ticket or sufficient funds to purchase one.
- Health: Good health and usually proof of medical insurance.
Digital Nomad Visa
Officially launched in March 2024, the Digital Nomad Visa (Specified Activities) allows remote workers to live in Japan for up to six months. Unlike tourist visas, this status permits you to legally work remotely for an overseas employer, making it an excellent “test drive” for life in Japan.
It is important to note that this visa is non-renewable. You must leave Japan after six months and cannot reapply until six months after your departure. Furthermore, Digital Nomad Visa holders are not issued a Residence Card (Zairyu Card), which can complicate daily tasks like opening a local bank account or signing long-term contracts.
Requirements Summary
- Income Threshold: Proof of annual income ≥ 10 million JPY (approx. $65,000 USD, subject to exchange rates).
- Employment: Must work remotely for a company/client outside of Japan (or be a freelancer with overseas clients).
- Insurance: Private medical insurance covering injury, illness, and death with coverage of ≥ 10 million JPY.
- Eligibility: Citizen of a country/region with a tax treaty and visa-waiver agreement with Japan.
- Duration: Maximum stay of 6 months (non-renewable).
Startup Visa
To foster innovation, certain municipalities (such as Fukuoka, Kobe, and Tokyo) offer a “Startup Visa.” This allows entrepreneurs to reside in Japan for up to one year to prepare for establishing a business. It effectively lowers the initial hurdles, giving founders time to secure funding and complete registration before switching to a long-term Business Manager visa.
Requirements Summary
- Business Plan: A detailed plan approved by a designated municipality
- Municipality Approval: A Recommendation Letter or Certificate of Confirmation from the local government office.
- Residency: Must reside within the municipality granting the visa.
- Progress Reviews: Regular interviews with municipal officials to ensure the business is moving toward incorporation.
- Transition Plan: A clear path to meeting the full “Business Manager” requirements within the 6-12 month visa period.
Business Manager Visa
This visa is for those starting a company or managing an existing business in Japan. The requirements are stringent: applicants must generally invest at least 5 million JPY into the business, secure a dedicated physical office space, and demonstrate the business’s sustainability.
Requirements Summary
- Capital Investment: Investment of at least 5 million JPY (or employment of two full-time staff who are residents of Japan).
- Physical Office: A dedicated, physical office space in Japan (virtual offices or residential addresses are generally not accepted).
- Business Plan: A robust business plan demonstrating sustainability and stability.
- Management Role: The applicant must have actual authority and involvement in business operations.
Highly Skilled Professional Visa
Japan utilizes a points-based system to attract top-tier talent. Points are awarded for academic background, professional experience, annual salary, and age. Applicants who score 70 points or higher qualify for the “Highly Skilled Professional” visa, which offers preferential treatment such as a five-year stay and a faster track to permanent residency.
Requirements Summary
- Category: The applicant’s intended activity must fit into one of these three categories: Advanced Academic Research, Advanced Specialized/Technical, or Advanced Business Management.
- Point Score: A minimum of 70 points on the Immigration Bureau’s calculation table (based on age, income, education, and Japanese language ability).
- Sponsorship: Must have a sponsoring organization (employer) in Japan.
- Salary: Meeting the minimum annual salary requirement for your specific age group and category.
Life After Landing: Essential Next Steps
Getting the visa is a massive victory, but the work isn’t done when you touch down at Narita or Haneda. Here are the essential tasks you must do:
Resident Card (Zairyu Card)
Upon arrival at major airports, you will be issued your Resident Card. This is your primary ID in Japan. You must carry it with you at all times.
Ward Office Registration
Within 14 days of moving into a permanent address, you must visit your local ward or city office to register your address. This updates the back of your Resident Card and enrolls you in the pension and health insurance systems if applicable.
Read More
Bank Account and Phone Number
These two are often linked. It is difficult to get a phone contract without a bank account, and difficult to get a bank account without a phone number. Many expats recommend starting with “foreigner-friendly” banks like Shinsei or Japan Post Bank, and using MVNOs (budget SIM providers) that have more relaxed screening processes.
Choosing the Right Path
Moving to Japan requires careful planning and a clear understanding of eligibility requirements. Whether through the structured environment of a university, the cultural immersion of the JET Programme, or the entrepreneurial challenge of a Business Manager visa, each path offers a distinct experience. Prospective residents should review the specific criteria for their chosen route on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs website to ensure they have the most current information before applying.
